A.            Endocrine system with an emphasis on the:

                1.             General mechanism involving stimulus, gland, hormone, target, and action.
                2.             Definition and chemical classification of hormones
                3.             Control of hormone secretion
                4.             Mechanisms of hormone actions
                5.             Location and anatomy of the hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary, thyroid, adrenal
                                medulla, adrenal cortex, and pancreas.
                6.             Function of the hormones produced and secreted by the above glands including the effects of
                                hyposecretion and hypersecretion.
                7.             Hormonal response to stress.

B.            Circulatory system including the:

                1.             General functions of the circulatory system.
                2.             Description of the 3 major fluid compartments and the function and composition of plasma,
                                lymph, and interstitial fluid.
                3.             Function numbers, structure, formation, and destruction of red blood cells, white blood cells,                                 and platelets.
                4.             Hemostasis including blood coagulation.
                5.             ABO and Rh blood grouping.
                6.             Structure and functions of the lymphatic system including gross and microscopic anatomy of
                                 l ymph circulation and lymph formation and flow mechanisms.
                7.             Role of non-specific resistance, the inflammatory response, antibody-mediated, and                                 cell-mediated responses to disease.
                8.             Gross and microscopic anatomy of the heart including pattern of blood flow through the heart.
                9.             Names and locations of at least 75 blood vessels with pattern of blood flow.
                10.           Cardiac cycle, including basic rhythm of heartbeat, pressure and volume changes, heart                                 sounds, and electrocardiogram.
                11.           Effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation on the physiology of the                                 cardiovascular system.
                12.           Regulation of stroke volume and heart rate in the control cardiac output by the conducting                                 system of the heart, cardiac muscle stretch, and the neural and hormonal input to the heart.
                13.           Regulation of blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
                14.           Dynamics of capillary exchange

C.            Respiratory system including the:

                1.             General functions of the respiratory system.
                2.             Gross and microscopic anatomy of the respiratory system.
                3.             Effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation on respiratory physiology.
                4.             Role of the respiratory muscles in volume and pressure changes in the thoracic cavity and                                 lungs in pulmonary ventilation.
                5.             Mechanism of gas exchange and oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood.
                6.             Regulation of the rate and depth of breathing.

D.            Digestive system including the:

                1.             General functions of the digestive system.
                2.             Gross and microscopic anatomy of the alimentary canal and accessory organs.
                3.             Mechanical and chemical digestion and its neural and hormonal regulation.
                4.             Processes of excretion and elimination.
                5.             Mechanism of absorption of the products of digestion.
                6.             Fate of foods after absorption including nutrition and metabolism.
                7.             catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
                8.             Metabolic roles of specific tissues and organs, including the liver, adipose tissue, and                                 skeletal muscle.
                9.             Control of nutritional states, energy balance, metabolic rate, and temperature regulation.

E.             Excretion and body fluid regulation with an emphasis on the:

                1.             General functions of the urinary system structures.
                2.             Anatomy of the urinary system structures
                3.             Microscopic anatomy of the nephron.
                4.             Mechanism of the production, concentration, and dilution of urine by filtration, reabsorption,                                 and secretion.
                5.             Regulation of sodium and water balance through intake and output.
                6.             Volume and composition of the major fluid compartments and movements of fluid among                                 them.
                7.             Role of buffer systems, the respiratory system, and the urinary system in acid-base balance.

F.             Human reproduction including:

                1.             The anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system
                2.             The basic events in embryonic development of the human